If you’re female, it could influence your job prospects:

Even after controlling for education levels and work hours, a woman who took her husband’s name earns less — €960 compared to €1156.

In one study, participants judged a hypothetical woman who had kept her own name or not:

Despite the fact that other than their name choice the women were identical, the participants overwhelmingly described the woman who had taken her husband’s name as being more caring, more dependent, less intelligent, more emotional and (somewhat) less competent. Not necessarily qualities you would seek in a potential employee.